Policy topic
Provision and allocation of public financial resources for facility-related expenditures.
In the Alabama Coalition for Equity litigation, the Montgomery County Circuit Court held in 1993 that Alabama's public school funding system violated the Alabama Constitution and ordered development of a remedy. The challenge included unequal educational opportunities and disparities in school facilities.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 24
Alabama's Advancement and Technology Fund may support one-time expenditures for deferred maintenance, facility repair or improvement, school transportation, education technology, and insurance for public education facilities.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 28 · Program: Advancement and Technology Fund · Ala. Code § 29-9-4
After Education Trust Fund reserve requirements are satisfied, surplus revenues may flow to Alabama's Advancement and Technology Fund for subsequent legislative appropriation.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 28 · Program: Advancement and Technology Fund · Ala. Code § 29-9-4
PSCA bond proceeds are distributed to school districts according to formulas or project allocations established in the legislation authorizing the bond issuance.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 29 · Program: Public School and College Authority Capital Financing · Ala. Code § 16-16-8
Arizona uses annual legislative appropriations, including State General Fund appropriations, to support the New School Facilities Fund, Building Renewal Grant Fund, and Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: New School Facilities Fund; Building Renewal Grant Fund; Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund
Arizona operates its state school facilities capital funding primarily on a pay-as-you-go basis and does not maintain a revolving capital fund, with state resources allocated annually through legislative appropriations and other authorized financing mechanisms.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 5
The Building Renewal Grant Fund provides financial assistance for major repairs, building-system replacements, and renovations necessary to maintain compliance with Arizona's Minimum Adequacy Guidelines.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26–27 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731
Capital CSFP grants (Ed. Code §§ 17078.52–17078.66) typically fund 50% of acquisition, design and construction, with a 50% local match.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 48 · Program: Charter School Facilities Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17078.52–17078.66
Participation in Alabama's Annual School Capital Planning Process is mandatory for districts seeking access to certain state capital funding, including Public School Fund capital support.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 6–7 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Annual School Capital Planning Process (ASCPP)
The charter facility grant depends on annual appropriations and is reduced prorata if funds are insufficient.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 44 · Program: Charter School Facility Grant Program (rent/lease) · Cal. Educ. Code § 47614.5
The charter facility rent/lease grant (Ed. Code § 47614.5) provides the lesser of 75% of annual rent/lease costs or an adjusted per-pupil amount.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 44 · Program: Charter School Facility Grant Program (rent/lease) · Cal. Educ. Code § 47614.5
CTEFP (Ed. Code §§ 17078.70–17078.72) originally provides a 50/50 state/local share for new or modernized CTE facilities and integral equipment.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 43 · Program: Career Technical Education Facilities Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17078.70–17078.72
CTEFP projects must serve state-recognized pathways with local advisory support.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 43 · Program: Career Technical Education Facilities Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17078.70–17078.72
PSCA bonds are repaid from dedicated revenues, including pledged portions of Alabama sales and use tax receipts.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 29 · Program: Public School and College Authority Capital Financing · Ala. Code § 16-16-11
Annual Public School Fund capital appropriations are supported by proceeds from Alabama's constitutionally dedicated statewide 3-mill ad valorem property tax for public education.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234
Building Renewal Grant funding is awarded through project-specific applications rather than an automatic formula, with districts applying to address deficiencies related to facility adequacy standards.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26–27 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731
School districts may apply for Emergency Deficiencies Correction funding by submitting an application describing the emergency and proposed corrective measures.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 24 · Program: Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5721
When inspections find that HVAC systems are inadequately maintained and unable to meet minimum indoor conditions, districts must use Building Renewal Grant funds to restore compliance.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 34 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund; Preventive Maintenance Program · A.R.S. § 15-2002(K); A.R.S. § 41-5731
School districts must provide records of preventive maintenance work in connection with eligibility for Building Renewal Grants.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 17–18 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund; Preventive Maintenance Program · A.R.S. § 41-5731
School districts must submit a preventive maintenance plan to the School Facilities Division in connection with eligibility for Building Renewal Grants.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 17–18 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund; Preventive Maintenance Program · A.R.S. § 41-5731
The Building Renewal Grant process gives priority in awarding funding to school districts that have documented implementation of preventive maintenance.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 19–20 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731
Emergency Deficiencies Correction funding is limited to repairs or replacements necessary to correct critical infrastructure deficiencies that could disrupt school operations or endanger public health and safety if not addressed.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 24 · Program: Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5721
The Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund provides state funding for facility deficiencies that pose immediate threats to health, safety, or district operations and exceed a school district's current fiscal year budget capacity.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 24 · Program: Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5721
Eligible modernization work includes plumbing, electrical, HVAC, seismic/structural, fire-life-safety, accessibility, roofing and finishes.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 41 · Program: Modernization Grant Program
Eligible new construction costs include construction, design, site remediation, utilities and portables.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 40 · Program: New Construction Grant Program
Facility Hardship funding is available case by case for health, safety or severe facility conditions at SAB discretion.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 42 · Program: Facility Hardship Program
Facility Hardship funding may stand alone or be combined with other SFP funding.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 42 · Program: Facility Hardship Program
Arizona's former Building Renewal Fund made automatic annual payments based on facility age and square footage. That funding mechanism was repealed in 2013 and replaced by the current project-based Building Renewal Grant system.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26–27 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund; Building Renewal Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731; Former A.R.S. § 15-2031
Alabama's Foundation Program provides state operating support for school facility maintenance and operations through its Other Current Expense allocation.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 25 · Program: Foundation Program — Other Current Expense · Ala. Code § 16-13-230 et seq.
The Governor's annual executive budget includes funding proposals for school facility maintenance, building renewal, and new construction programs administered through the state facilities system.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 10
K-12 Capital Grant funds may support permanent-facility construction or renovation, capital-related debt service, deferred maintenance, safety and security improvements, and technology or equipment.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: K-12 Capital Grant Program · Ala. Code § 29-4-51
Alabama's K-12 Capital Grant Program provides competitive state grants for capital improvement purposes in the state's K-12 public education system.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: K-12 Capital Grant Program · Ala. Code § 29-4-51; Alabama Act 2023-389
LCFF (Ed. Code §§ 42238.02–42238.07) provides flexible base funding that covers maintenance and operations responsibilities but not capital costs.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 34–35 · Program: Local Control Funding Formula · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 42238.02–42238.07; AB 97 (2013)
Permanent buildings are eligible for modernization at 25 years or older and portables at 20 years or older (Ed. Code § 17073.15).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 41 · Program: Modernization Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17073.15
Modernization projects generally receive a 60/40 state/local cost share.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 41 · Program: Modernization Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17073.10–17073.25
New construction grants are apportioned under Ed. Code § 17072.20.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 40 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17072.20
New construction eligibility is based on projected enrollment and existing capacity (Ed. Code § 17071.75).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 39 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17071.75–17071.76
New construction grants are calculated per unhoused pupil and adjusted annually by the SAB (Ed. Code § 17072.10).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 39 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17072.10(a)–(b)
The New School Facilities Fund provides state funding for construction of new school facilities and acquisition of land needed to accommodate enrollment growth while maintaining compliance with the Minimum Adequacy Guidelines.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 25 · Program: New School Facilities Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5741
Alabama does not establish statewide regulations or codified minimum standards for public school facility operations budgets.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 31
New School Facilities allocations are calculated using Average Daily Membership and grade-specific square footage requirements, with adjustments for student characteristics, district size, geographic factors, and an annually adjusted construction cost per square foot.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26 · Program: New School Facilities Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5741
Eligibility for New School Facilities funding is determined annually based on district Average Daily Membership projections and the additional square footage required to meet state minimum space standards.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26 · Program: New School Facilities Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5741
Districts may apply for New School Facilities funding for projected construction needs within four years or anticipated land acquisition needs within ten years, and funding eligibility is determined independently of local district wealth.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26 · Program: New School Facilities Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5741
Alabama calculates each district's Other Current Expense allocation by multiplying a state-set per-unit amount by the number of Foundation Program units earned by the district.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 25 · Program: Foundation Program — Other Current Expense · Ala. Code § 16-13-230 et seq.
The Other Current Expense component of Alabama's Foundation Program supports non-instructional operating costs including utilities, repairs, maintenance, and other general operations.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 25 · Program: Foundation Program — Other Current Expense · Ala. Code § 16-13-230 et seq.
New construction funds may be released in phases under Ed. Code § 17072.32.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 40 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17072.32
Projects addressing severe facility conditions receive priority in Alabama district capital planning.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 20–21 · Annual School Capital Planning Process (ASCPP)
Proposition 2 allocates $600 million for charter school facilities.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 37–38 · Program: Charter School Facilities Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 allocates $600 million for career technical education facilities.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 37–38 · Program: Career Technical Education Facilities Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 adjustments allow up to 100% state share for qualifying small or financial-hardship applicants and prioritize high-need, limited-bonding and workforce-shortage applicants.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 43 · Program: Career Technical Education Facilities Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 allocates $4 billion for modernization, including $400 million for small districts and $115 million for lead.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 37–38 · Program: Modernization Grant Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 allocates $3.3 billion for new construction, including $330 million for small districts.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 37–38 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 raises the financial hardship threshold from $5 million to $15 million, adjusted for inflation.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 38 · Program: School Facility Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
Proposition 2 establishes a sliding local match with higher state participation for higher-need districts.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 38 · Program: School Facility Program · Proposition 2 (2024); AB 247
From 2013 to 2021, the Proposition 39 Clean Energy Jobs Act provided grants through the California Energy Commission for school energy-efficiency and renewable-energy projects; the program has concluded.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 23 · Program: Proposition 39 Clean Energy Jobs school grants (historical)
The Alabama Public School and College Authority is authorized to issue bonds to finance capital improvement projects for public K-12 schools and public higher education institutions in amounts and for purposes established by legislative acts.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 29 · Program: Public School and College Authority Capital Financing · Ala. Code §§ 16-16-1 through 16-16-14; Ala. Code § 16-16-8
Public School Fund capital allocations may be used for new construction, major renovation, building enlargement, and other statutorily defined capital improvements.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234
Alabama's Public School Fund provides annual state capital allocations to public school districts for school facility improvements.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234; Ala. Admin. Code r. 290-2-1-.04; Alabama Act 2011-163
Routine maintenance and operational expenses are not allowable uses of Alabama Public School Fund capital allocations.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234
Public School Fund capital allocations are distributed using a guaranteed tax yield formula that considers district property wealth and average daily membership.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234; Ala. Admin. Code r. 290-2-1-.04
Alabama school districts receiving Public School Fund capital support are required to contribute a local match.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Public School Fund Capital Program · Ala. Code § 16-13-234; Ala. Admin. Code r. 290-2-1-.04
Premiums paid into Alabama's State Insurance Fund are maintained in a separate trust account and may be used only for claims, administrative expenses, and fund management.
Alabama State Profile (2025), printed p. 29–30 · Program: State Insurance Fund · Ala. Code § 41-15-10
RRMA funds must be used exclusively for routine restricted maintenance and good repair; the requirement is triggered only for SFP recipients.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 36 · Program: Routine Restricted Maintenance Account · Cal. Educ. Code § 17070.75
The RRMA obligation begins when SFP funds are received and continues for the life of the bond-funded improvements unless statute provides otherwise.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 36 · Program: Routine Restricted Maintenance Account · Cal. Educ. Code § 17070.75
The School Facilities Division is required to provide an annual report on unobligated balances in the Building Renewal Grant Fund.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 18 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731(D)
The School Facilities Division administers funding programs and services supporting the maintenance and adequacy of Arizona public school buildings.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 13 · A.R.S. §§ 41-5701 through 41-5713
School Facilities Division staff review district applications for Building Renewal Grant projects.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 27 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund
The School Facilities Division reviews Emergency Deficiencies Correction applications to determine whether proposed needs meet statutory eligibility criteria.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 24 · Program: Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5721
Building Renewal Grant applications undergo project-based review, with final funding decisions made by the School Facilities Oversight Board.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 26–27 · Program: Building Renewal Grant Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5731
The School Facilities Oversight Board makes final Emergency Deficiencies Correction funding decisions based on the severity and immediacy of the facility need.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 24 · Program: Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5721
The School Facilities Oversight Board may approve adjustments to student square footage when school buildings undergo significant renovations or reach the end of their useful life.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 17 · Program: New School Facilities Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5702(A)(2)
The SFP under the Greene Act, administered by OPSC/SAB, is funded exclusively from voter-approved state GO bonds when bond authority is available.
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 37 · Program: School Facility Program · Cal. Educ. Code §§ 17070.10–17079.30; Cal. Const. art. XVI, § 1
Districts receiving SFP funds must establish a Routine Restricted Maintenance Account and deposit generally at least 3% of general fund expenditures annually (Ed. Code § 17070.75).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 35–36 · Program: Routine Restricted Maintenance Account; School Facility Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17070.75
Site remediation may be funded up to 50%, or up to 100% where there is a significant health threat (Ed. Code § 17072.13).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 39–40 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17072.13
Arizona's State Equalization Assistance formula provides state funding to school districts that do not raise sufficient local revenues to meet their basic support levels, with districts having lower property tax bases receiving proportionally more state aid.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 23 · Program: State Equalization Assistance · A.R.S. § 15-971
The state may fund up to 50% of site acquisition and development costs (Ed. Code § 17072.12).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 39 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17072.12
Arizona school facilities financing includes proceeds from the lease and sale of state trust lands, with state law directing revenues to support facility-related funds and bond repayment.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 27 · A.R.S. § 37-221; A.R.S. § 41-5762
Compliance with the Minimum Adequacy Guidelines is required for projects funded through the New School Facilities Fund, Building Renewal Grant Fund, and Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund; facilities must meet or exceed MAG standards to qualify for state facility funding.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 31 · Program: New School Facilities Fund; Building Renewal Grant Fund; Emergency Deficiencies Correction Fund · A.R.S. § 41-5711
Following Roosevelt v. Bishop, the Arizona Legislature enacted the Students FIRST Act of 1998, establishing a state-managed system for public school facility funding and oversight and establishing the Minimum School Facility Adequacy Guidelines as the baseline for state-supported school construction, renovation, and repairs.
Arizona State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities (2025), printed p. 4–11 · Students FIRST Act (1998)
Supplemental new construction grants are available for small enrollment and exceptional needs (Ed. Code § 17072.11).
California — State Roles and Responsibilities for PK-12 Public School Facilities — 2025 State Profile (2025), printed p. 39 · Program: New Construction Grant Program · Cal. Educ. Code § 17072.11
Prototype research tool. Records are normalized from NCSI state profiles and have not been verified against current statutes or regulations. This is not legal advice — consult primary legal sources for current requirements.